{"id":2160,"date":"2022-03-17T08:54:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-17T07:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/?p=2160"},"modified":"2026-09-03T18:59:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:59:16","slug":"quito-hlavni-mesto-ekvadoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/?p=2160","title":{"rendered":"Quito \u2013 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Ekv\u00e1doru"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Quito je hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Ekv\u00e1doru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 druh\u00fdm nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejl\u00e9pe polo\u017een\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem sv\u011bta je La Paz v Bol\u00edvii, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 3 640 metr\u016f. Quito je druh\u00e9 a le\u017e\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2850 metr\u016f. T\u0159et\u00ed je Bogota, ta se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2 625 metr\u016f. V\u0161echno jsou to jihoamerick\u00e1 m\u011bsta a spojuje je jedno poho\u0159\u00ed. Andy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andy se t\u00e1hnou v d\u00e9lce 7 tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f pod\u00e9l z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jihoamerick\u00e9ho kontinentu a jsou \u201eposety\u201c vulk\u00e1ny. I u m\u011bsta Quito se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jeden aktivn\u00ed vulk\u00e1n, jmenuje se Pichincha. Na jeho svaz\u00edch se odehr\u00e1la slavn\u00e1 bitva, kde pod velen\u00edm Simona Bol\u00edvara gener\u00e1l Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Sucre vybojoval v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad \u0161pan\u011blskou kr\u00e1lovskou arm\u00e1dou. Ne\u0161lo o nic m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e o vyman\u011bn\u00ed se zpod koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dy \u0160pan\u011blska. K bitv\u011b do\u0161lo 24. kv\u011btna roku 1822. A kdy\u017e jsme u\u017e tolik zmi\u0148ovali ty nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky, tak je\u0161t\u011b jeden \u00fadaj. Bitva se odehr\u00e1la v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 3 500 metr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00e1lky o nez\u00e1vislost ji\u017e trvala dva roky a st\u00e1le nebylo jasn\u00e9, jak to dopadne. Odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed Simona Bol\u00edvara a jeho v\u011brn\u00fdch gener\u00e1l\u016f a voj\u00e1k\u016f vedlo nakonec k \u00fasp\u011bchu. T\u00edmto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm si zabezpe\u010dila provincie Quito svoji svobodu a tak se mohla spojit s ostatn\u00edmi, ji\u017e osvobozen\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi budouc\u00edho Ekv\u00e1doru, kter\u00fdmi byli Guayaquil a Cuenca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Sucre jako \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u011bl k dispozici 2971 mu\u017e\u016f, jeho protivn\u00edk poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Melchor Aymerich m\u011bl na obranu \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f k dispozici 1894 voj\u00e1k\u016f. Vypochodoval s nimi ven z m\u011bsta, aby obyvatelstvo nebylo do konfliktu zata\u017eeno a cel\u00e1 bitva trvala nakonec jen 3 hodiny. O v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed rozhodlo to, koho vojsko se nach\u00e1zelo na svaz\u00edch sopky Pichinche v\u00fd\u0161e, nebo\u0165 ten m\u011bl v\u00fdhodu boje z kopce sm\u011brem dol\u016f. Aymerich uznal svou por\u00e1\u017eku a druh\u00fd den, 25. b\u0159ezna 1822 otev\u0159el br\u00e1ny m\u011bsta v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9mu vojsku a vzdal se osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b. Byl to \u010destn\u00fd boj a nikdo z civilist\u016f nebyl ani zran\u011bn, ani m\u011bsto nebylo zni\u010deno. Nyn\u00ed dv\u011b st\u011b let pot\u00e9 se zde v Evrop\u011b vede v\u00e1lka mnohem \u0161pinav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a ne\u010destn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Putinova arm\u00e1da \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na m\u011bsta, jejich\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 z nich mus\u00ed ut\u00edkat, aby si zachr\u00e1nili hol\u00fd \u017eivot. Ti, kter\u00fdm se to nepoda\u0159\u00ed \u010del\u00ed bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch m\u011bst, nemocnic \u010di dokonce porodnice. Jeho barbarstv\u00ed, bezcitnost a podlost jsou ur\u00e1\u017ekou lidskosti. M\u00e1 na rukou krev nevinn\u00fdch a douf\u00e1m, \u017ee bude za to potrest\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quito je n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 m\u011bsto a bylo tak\u00e9 ji\u017e b\u011bhem bitvy na svaz\u00edch sopky Pichinche. Mo\u017en\u00e1 i proto se ob\u011b strany konfliktu pustily do bitvy rad\u011bji mimo m\u011bsto. Uchr\u00e1nili ho tak p\u0159ed zni\u010den\u00edm a my nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme obdivovat jeho pam\u00e1tky. Jeho historick\u00e9 centrum bylo spolu s Krakovem zaps\u00e1no do seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 1978 jako prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prohl\u00eddku historick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta je t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt na hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se jmenuje La Plaza Grande, ale n\u011bkdy ho jmenuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bPlaza de la Independencia, proto\u017ee se v jeho st\u0159edu nach\u00e1z\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edk hrdin\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se jako prvn\u00ed vyslovili pro nez\u00e1vislost na \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 korun\u011b. Stalo se tak 10. srpna roku 1809. Toto hnut\u00ed bylo velmi rychle potla\u010deno, ale my\u0161lenka samostatnosti u\u017e z hlav budouc\u00edch Ekv\u00e1dorc\u016f nevyprchala. D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v tento den za\u010dal v\u00edce ne\u017e desetilet\u00fd boj o nez\u00e1vislost dokon\u010den\u00fd bitvou na svaz\u00edch sopky Pichinche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed obklopuj\u00ed sam\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 budovy, z nich\u017e nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou katedr\u00e1la a prezidentsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c. Palacio de Carondelet byl kdysi s\u00eddlem guvern\u00e9ra, dnes je s\u00eddlem prezidenta. Budovu jsme si mohli prohl\u00e9dnout jen zven\u010d\u00ed, proto\u017ee b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Ekv\u00e1doru (m\u00e1 takov\u00e9 odporn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, jmenuje se Lenin Moreno) ho pro ve\u0159ejnost uzav\u0159el a sou\u010dasn\u00fd prezident pan Guillermo Lasso si je\u0161t\u011b nena\u0161el \u010das, aby ho vr\u00e1til ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monumento a la Independencia, nebo tak\u00e9 Monumento a los Heroes del 10 de agosto.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quito je hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Ekv\u00e1doru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 druh\u00fdm nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem sv\u011bta. Nejl\u00e9pe polo\u017een\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem sv\u011bta je La Paz v Bol\u00edvii, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 3 640 metr\u016f. Quito je druh\u00e9 a le\u017e\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2850 metr\u016f. T\u0159et\u00ed je Bogota, ta se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2 625 metr\u016f. V\u0161echno jsou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2416,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-prumysl"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2160"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2760,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions\/2760"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zprumyslu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}